Emergency medical services as well as emergency service providers face a new challenge in the United States today. Even before the recent tragic events of September 11, emergency services were examining methods of improving not only the services they provide for their particular jurisdiction, but creating the necessary institutional relationships and technology and communications improvements for multi-jurisdictional or multi-agency emergencies.Today, the means exist to make major strides in improving emergency medical services (EMS) through the adoption of technology and communications applications. However, it is a fact that, throughout the U.S., emergency medical services and emergency services overall are responsible to and funded by independent local jurisdictions, jurisdictions that generally lack the funding, technical staff, institutional relationships and resources necessary to provide a coordinated and integrated emergency service system at the local or regional level.The Public Safety and Communications Model Deployment Initiative is designed to assist states in the development and implementation of critical emergency medical service and emergency service technology and communications enhancement. The premise for the Initiative and the State of the Practice document is that two main considerations must be met for technology and communications enhancements to be truly effective in improving emergency medical services and emergency services overall: the enhancements must be horizontally integrated internally across the emergency agencies and regionally with neighboring jurisdictions, and vertically integrated so that statewide and appropriate multi-state linkages are created and maintained. WTI is currently working with the National Association of State EMS Directors in the implementation of the initiative and actively seeks the participation and development of partnerships to move the initiative forward. This state-of-the-practice document provides an important foundational step for the broader initiative by reviewing and summarizing the utilization of transportation-related or transportation-based technology and communications applications by EMS providers.