The final report describes the current state of knowledge and practice regarding the design, implementation and maintenance of wildlife fencing and associated escape and lateral access control measures. The main function of wildlife fencing is to keep wildlife off the highway, but wildlife fencing also helps funnel wildlife to safe crossing
opportunities (at-grade, underpasses or overpasses). It is considered good practice to not increase the barrier effect of roads and traffic for wildlife without also providing for safe and effective crossing opportunities for wildlife. Therefore the authors of this report suggest to always combine wildlife fencing with safe crossing opportunities for wildlife.

The final report contains examples from the literature and from practitioners about the design, implementation and maintenance of wildlife fencing and associated measures
However, few comparative studies are available that allow for the identification of what practices can or should be labeled as “best.” While wildlife fencing and several associated measures have been implemented and tested somewhat satisfactory for some species or species groups (notably deer (Odocoileus spp.) and e.g. Florida panther (Puma concolor coryi)), there may be very little information available for other species or species groups. If the objective is to identify mitigation measures that are “best” then more initiative should be taken for comparative studies that evaluate the effectiveness of the mitigation measures for different species and species groups. These tests should not only include the design characteristics of the measures, but also the implementation and maintenance practices and requirements. Nonetheless, the authors of this report do provide recommendations based on the current knowledge and experience of researchers and practitioners, and identify the most pressing research questions related to wildlife fencing and associated measures.